This is the reference log of which datasets Scaler uses for default location-based emission factors, by region and energy type. It documents the current default composition, recent version reviews, optional licensed sources, and the full archive of previous default sets.
For methodology (how factors are sourced, projected, and applied), see Location-based emission factor methodology. For platform setup (assigning energy networks, switching sources, manual overrides), see Configuring location-based emission factors.
Current default set
Quick reference:
- Current default set (as labeled in the platform dropdown): CRREMv2.07 + EPA + NGA + Canada National Inventory
- Last updated: March 2026
- Applies to: All portfolios using Default emission factor set
- Underlying composition (full reference set): CRREM v2.07 (Europe & North America), CRREM v2.05 (Asia Pacific), NGA 2024 (Australia), EPA 2025 — egrid 2023 (USA), Canada National Inventory 2023 + CRREM V2.04 decarb pathway from 2027, Energy Star Portfolio Manager (fuel oil, kerosene, district hot/chilled water for non-US regions)
This is the set automatically applied when you select Default in the Emission Factor Tool. Previous sets remain available in the dropdown for consistency.
Scaler emission factors: (CRREMv2.07 + EPA + NGA + Canada National Inventory)
Published: March 2026
Platform dropdown label (as users see it). The underlying composition includes EPA 2025 references for US factors, ESPM for non-US fuels (oil, kerosene, district hot/chilled water), and the Canadian CRREM V2.04 decarb pathway from 2027 — see the table and changes summary below.
Changes vs previous default set:
- EPA references refreshed to EPA 2025. Electricity reference now reads "EPA 2025 (egrid 2023)". US fuels (natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene) now reference EPA 2025 directly, no longer CRREM/ESPM.
- Canadian forward-looking decarbonization pathway introduced. Replaces the prior flat-factor projection. CRREM V2.04 decarb rates apply from 2027 onward to electricity, DHC, and DC-electric chiller factors. Nunavut, Yukon, and National Canadian use a computed national Canadian average decarb rate (since CRREM does not cover those regions).
- 2024 and 2025 values continue to hold the 2023 base, consistent with Scaler's standard 2-year carry-forward.
Region | Electricity reference | DHC reference | Heat-cold storage | Natural gas reference | - Kerosene, fuel oil (1, 2, 3);
- District hot water, district chilled water reference |
AUS (NGA) | NGA 2024
(CRREM projections) | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
AUS (CRREM) | CRREM v2.05 | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Canada (NIR) | NIR 2023 (CRREM V2.04 decarb pathway from 2027) | Electricity EF × CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB aligned) | NIR 2023 national average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
USA (eGRID) | EPA 2025 (egrid 2023, CRREM decarb projections) | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | EPA 2025 | EPA 2025 |
North America/USA (CRREM) | CRREM v2.07 | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Europe | CRREM v2.07 | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Asia Pacific | CRREM v2.05 (CRREM has not yet released v2.07 for Asia Pacific as of this update) | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Other countries | CRREM average all countries | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
CRREM Pathways Tool — V2.05 review (May 2026)
CRREM released V2.05 of the Pathways Tool in May 2026. Scaler reviewed it against the current V2.04 reference: no client emissions outputs would change. The platform stays on CRREM Pathways v2.04 — the version driving the Canadian decarb pathway from 2027 and every "(CRREM projections)" overlay in the table above — through the active reporting season.
Bottom line for clients: Scaler remains fully aligned with CRREM. V2.05 is a structural cleanup of how the data is published, not a numbers update — pathway curves and emission factor values are unchanged. No reporting outputs would change if Scaler adopted V2.05 today.
Numerical comparison: V2.04 vs V2.05
- All 1,497 (region × sector) CO₂ and EUI series match to within 1e-6 across 2020 to 2050.
- All 80 grid emission factor codes shared between versions match exactly.
- Spot-checks on AT.RSF 2030, NCC Zone 5 OFF 2025, and AKGD MFH 2040 — identical to 14 decimals.
Detailed changes in V2.05 (structural only — no client output impact)
Removed
- All-GHG pathway (the kgCO₂e/m² series including non-CO₂ GHGs) — 510 series dropped. V2.05 publishes CO₂-only pathways.
- Global CO₂ / building stock downscaling sheet.
- HIOA grid emission factor (Hawaii Oahu eGRID). HIOA pathway rows remain, so any pathway → EF join on this code in V2.05 hits a missing key. Tracked for future adoption.
Added
- Fixed (non-electricity) emission factors block: Natural Gas 0.202, Oil 0.281, Biomass 0, On-site Renewables 0, Coal 0.354, LPG 0.227 kgCO₂e/kWh. District Heating and Cooling marked "varies". The natural gas value (0.202) is published on a gross calorific value basis, a methodology change from the net calorific value basis used in the V2.07 Risk Assessment Tool (0.181 US/Canada, 0.183 EU/APAC) currently powering Scaler's defaults.
- Source (Actual), Source (Forecast), Notes columns on the EF table for traceability.
- Unit conversions — pathways exposed as sqm + sqft for CO₂ and kWh + kBtu for EUI (six derived sheets, no new data).
Restructure
- Single workbook split into separate pathways + emission factors workbooks.
- Wide format (year rows × code columns) flipped to long format with explicit Region / Country / Region Code / Property Type / Abbreviation / Code / Unit columns.
- Australian sub-regions renamed AUS1..AUS7 → NCC Zone 1..7 (still no zone 4).
- Pathway code suffixes changed:
.CO2-Int → .CO2,.kWh-Int → .EUI.
- "Sout Australia" typo fixed to "South Australia". "Tasmani" typo and the multi-line DKIS code remain.
Natural gas: net → gross methodology change
CRREM's V2.05 library publishes natural gas on a gross calorific value basis (0.202 kgCO₂e/kWh) instead of the net calorific value basis used in the V2.07 Risk Assessment Tool (0.181 US/Canada, 0.183 EU/APAC) that powers Scaler's current defaults. Adopting the gross value would raise natural gas emissions by approximately 10%.
Why this matters: natural gas typically represents 30–40% of energy use in our clients' portfolios, so a 10% increase at the fuel level translates to roughly a 4% increase in overall portfolio emissions. It would also break like-for-like comparisons against previously issued reports for the same assets.
Scaler is holding the current net-basis natural gas factor for the active reporting season. The change is on the roadmap for review with CRREM's technical team to confirm the rationale for the methodology shift before any default update.
Why Scaler is not switching to V2.05 mid-season
Pathway values are identical to V2.04 across all 1,497 series, so a Pathways Tool switch alone would not change any client output. The natural gas EF change (net → gross, see above) is a separate decision: adopting V2.05's 0.202 value would meaningfully shift natural gas emissions and break like-for-like reporting mid-season. Combined with the integration work needed for V2.05's structural changes (renamed Australian zones AUS → NCC Zone, new pathway code suffixes .CO2 / .EUI, missing HIOA emission factor key) and Scaler's standing policy of avoiding default emission factor changes during the January–July reporting season, the decision is to remain on the current defaults and evaluate adoption in the post-season update cycle once we have clearer guidance from CRREM on the natural gas methodology change.
Optional licensed sets
These datasets are not part of the default emission factor set. They are licensed sources that clients can opt into for specific regions. When enabled, they appear as per-country selectable options in the Emission Factor Tool alongside the default.
IEA Emission Factors 2025 (Europe)
Published: May 2026
Coverage: European countries (continent-level, not limited to the EU)
Composition:
- Electricity (kgCO₂e/kWh)
- District heating & cooling (kgCO₂e/kWh — both electricity-powered and heat-based)
- Fossil fuel factors converted to kgCO₂e/kWh using IEA-confirmed net calorific values
- Wood: IPCC reference factor (no IEA 2025 equivalent exists)
Historical coverage: Back to 2020 base year in most cases, where IEA calorific content values support it.
Forward-looking projections: EU decarbonisation rate is not yet applied to IEA-sourced electricity or electricity-powered DHC factors from 2027 onwards. Planned in a follow-up release.
Availability: Licensed — clients require an IEA license to enable. Selectable per European country via the gear icon in the Emission Factor Tool.
Previous default sets
Each historical default set remains selectable in the Emission Factor Tool dropdown for clients who need to maintain consistency with prior reporting.
Scaler emission factors: (CRREM v2.07 + EPA + NGA + ESPM)
Published: 11 August 2025
CRREM North America and Europe → v2.07
Region | Electricity reference | DHC reference | Heat-cold storage | Natural gas reference | - Kerosene, fuel oil (1, 2, 3);
- District hot water, district chilled water reference |
AUS (NGA) | NGA 2024
(CRREM projections) | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
AUS (CRREM) | CRREM v2.05 | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
USA (eGRID) | EPA v2023
(CRREM projections) | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
North America/USA (CRREM) | CRREM v2.07 | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Europe | CRREM v2.07 | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Asia Pacific | CRREM v2.05 (CRREM has not yet released v2.07 for Asia Pacific as of this update) | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Other countries | CRREM average all countries | Electricity EF * CRREM conversion factor (0.876340396) | Electricity EF adjusted with COP of 4.9 (CRREM/GHG Protocol/GRESB-aligned) | CRREM EU v2.07 average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Scaler emission factors: (CRREM v2.05 + EPA + NGA + ESPM)
Published: 1 June 2025
CRREM → v2.05 eGRID → v2023
Region | Electricity reference | DHC reference | Natural gas reference | Kerosene; district hot water; district chilled water; fuel oil (1, 2, 3) reference |
AUS (NGA) | NGA 2024
(CRREM projections) | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
AUS (CRREM) | CRREM v2.05 | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
USA (eGRID) | EPA v2023
(CRREM projections) | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
USA (CRREM) | CRREM v2.05 | CRREM v2.05 | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
All other countries | CRREM v2.05 | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Scaler emission factors: (CRREM v2.03 + EPA + NGA + ESPM)
Published: 1 March 2024
References added for AUS and USA in February 2025
Country | Electricity reference | DHC reference | Natural gas reference | Kerosene; district hot water; district chilled water; fuel oil (1, 2, 3) reference |
AUS (NGA) | NGA 2024
(CRREM projections) | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
AUS (CRREM) | CRREM v2.03
| CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
USA (eGRID) | EPA v2022
(CRREM projections) | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
USA (CRREM) | CRREM v2.03 | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
All other countries | CRREM v2.03 | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
CRREM v2.02 - 13.11.2023
Published: 14 August 2022
Country | Electricity reference | DHC reference | Natural gas reference | Kerosene; district hot water; district chilled water; fuel oil (1, 2, 3) reference |
AUS (NGA) | NGA 2024
(CRREM projections) | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
AUS (CRREM) | CRREM v2.02 | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
USA (eGRID) | EPA v2022
(CRREM projections) | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
USA (CRREM) | CRREM v2.02 | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
All other countries | CRREM v2.02 | CRREM conversion factor | CRREM UK average | Energy Star Portfolio Manager |
Reading the tables and terminology
How to read each table
Each table above represents one default emission factor set used in Scaler.
Table structure
For each version, the table shows:
- Publication date — When Scaler released this set
- Summary of changes — What was updated compared to the previous version
- Region — Geographic area where factors apply
- Energy type columns:
- Electricity reference
- DHC reference (district heating & cooling)
- Natural gas reference
- Kerosene, district hot water, district chilled water, fuel oil references
Each cell lists the reference dataset and version used for that specific region and energy type.
Where a reference has changed compared to the previous version, it is highlighted and bolded to make updates easy to identify.
What "CRREM projections" means
Where a reference lists "CRREM projections," this indicates:
- The dataset includes forward-looking emission factors through 2050
- Values are based on CRREM's grid decarbonization pathways
- These projections are used in Scaler's Roadmaps Tool
Example: Electricity reference: EPA v2023 (+ CRREM rate-of-decarbonization) means base emission factors come from EPA eGRID 2023, with CRREM's decarbonization rates applied to project values through 2050.
For methodology on how projections are calculated and applied, see Location-based emission factor methodology — Projection methodology.
"CRREM conversion factor" for district heating and cooling
CRREM does not publish a standalone dataset for district heating and cooling. Instead, CRREM provides a conversion factor (0.876340396) that is applied to the electricity emission factor.
Where the table shows "CRREM conversion factor," this indicates:
DHC_EF = ELECTRICITY_EF × 0.876340396
For full methodology, see Location-based emission factor methodology.
"CRREM UK average" for natural gas
Scaler applies CRREM's UK average natural gas emission factor globally for consistency across regions. The current default set applies one exception: the US references EPA 2025 directly for natural gas.
"Energy Star Portfolio Manager" for other fuels
Energy Star Portfolio Manager provides emission factors for fuel oil, kerosene, district hot water, district chilled water, and other fuels not covered by CRREM. Where the table shows "Energy Star Portfolio Manager," these are the relevant non-US fuel and district water factors.
Why a single default set carries multiple CRREM version numbers
CRREM publishes two tools on independent release cycles: the Risk Assessment Tool (region-specific location-based emission factors) and the Pathways Tool (decarbonization rates).
Within the Risk Assessment Tool, regional emission factor updates are not released simultaneously — different regions and energy types update on different schedules. That is why a single Scaler default set may reference multiple CRREM versions across regions (for example, v2.07 in Europe and North America, v2.05 in Asia Pacific) and a separate Pathways version (v2.04) applied globally for forward-looking projections.
For full CRREM methodology, see Location-based emission factor methodology.